An Electrical Distribution System is responsible for supplying electricity from energy sources to its consumers. When electricity first started generating at power stations, it was necessary to establish a safe network for distributing it.
So the first lighting distribution system came into being. With time, this system evolved and transformed into what we have today.
Electrical Power System Network
Electrical distribution is the last step in the electrical power system. The order of process is:
- Generation
- Transmission
- Distribution
Let’s take a look at the process in simple words.
Electricity is first generated at the power source. In the transmission phase, the electrical power is carried to electrical substations. This high voltage current is transformed into medium voltage to make it fit for domestic use. Then this medium voltage electricity is carried to its users and this is known as the distribution of electricity.
Main Phases of Electrical Distribution
The phases of electrical distribution can be divided into two categories.
-
Primary Distribution Grid
In the primary distribution grid, the voltage level of electrical energy is higher than medium voltage.
- 3.3 kV
- 6.6 kV
- 11kV
The voltage level is stepped down using a transformer. The primary distribution grid is responsible for supplying power to large industries or other buildings that consume large amounts of energy.
-
Secondary Distribution Grid
As we discussed before, high power voltage is converted into medium voltage to make it safe. This stage is known as the secondary distribution grid. Energy is then supplied to houses, offices, schools, hospitals, and other buildings.
Types of Electrical Distribution
The Types of Electrical Distribution can be categorized into 7 groups according to the nature of the electrical supply, type of construction, and type of connection.
1) AC Distribution System
AC stands for alternating current which implies that electrons are moving in an alternating direction in the conductor. The AC distribution network is a type of electrical distribution system that supplies alternating current to its users. AC power is more easily stepped down or stepped up with the help of a transformer.
2) DC Distribution System
Similarly, the DC Distribution System carries DC (direct current) power. In DC, the electrons are moving in a direct direction in the conductor. AC power is concerned with DC power.
Although AC distribution systems are mostly used around cities there are instances where DC is required, such as:
- DC motors
- Charging batteries
- Traction
- Electroplating
- DC Transmission Lines
- Electrical railways or cranes
- Industrial Automation
3) Radial Electrical Distribution System
The Radial System is mostly used for short-distance distribution. Although it is cheaper than other systems, it is not reliable as it is prone to voltage fluctuations at a longer distance.
The Radial System consists of a separate feeder. The role of the feeder is to feed power from the substation to each area in one particular direction.
4) Ring Main System
In the ring main distribution system, the transformer is connected in the form of a loop. This system provides a more stable, reliable and balanced distribution of power. Its loop is formed in such a way that it makes sure the supply of power is continued even if the feeder is faulty. Thus, making it a better option than a Radial Electrical system.
5) Interconnected Distribution System
In this a distribution system where the feeder receives electricity from multiple power generating stations. The power supply is controlled from multiple sources. In addition to that, load balancing is possible in this system by controlling the flow of power. The voltage accuracy is more regulated in this system.
6) Underground Distribution System
As the name suggests, this electrical distribution system is underground and comprises cables, Connectors and fasteners. Along with some important components which are as follows:
- Conductor
- Sheathing
- Insulation system
- Other specified materials
The voltage in this system varies from 1000 – 132KV
7) Overhead Distribution System
One of the traditional methods of electrical distribution to the public is wires attached to poles high above the ground. Other supporting structures, transformers, and any other associated machinery are also mounted on the poles.
Power Distribution Electrical Estimating Services
Power Distribution Electrical Estimating Services are reliable and efficient for calculating the accurate cost of building power distributions or other electrical work.
If you want credible and precise cost estimating services, hire a Bidding Estimate as they are committed to providing accurate estimates including material, labor, and equipment costs.
They use advanced cost-estimating software to create precise estimates with quick turnarounds. Some of these software include:
- Trimble
- McCormick Systems
- Con Est
- Planswift
- Bluebeam
- Stack
- Quest Estimating
- On Screen Takeoff
Conclusion
In the end, it is understandable that the process of Electrical distribution system is complex. Behind this process lies a complex grid which is also referred to as the electrical grid. This grid makes sure that electricity is distributed properly as per the requirements. This article discusses electrical networks and main Phases describing how they distribute electricity. In addition to that, the most significant types of electrical distribution systems extensively.
